ArticleCureus2025
Radiation Exposure in Paediatric Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Infant Breathing and Bedding Characteristics: Objective Tests for Evaluating Their Relationship.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionFluoroscopy is widely used in paediatric orthopaedic surgery; however, national diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for intraoperative radiation exposure are lacking. Establishing local DRLs is essential to benchmark practice, optimise patient safety, and inform future national standards. This study quantifies radiation exposure across common paediatric orthopaedic procedures to provide data for local reference ranges.
methodsA retrospective observational study was performed at a single-centre NHS specialist children's hospital, including 480 procedures in patients aged <18 years over a four-year period. Procedures were categorised by anatomical region (elbow, ankle, pelvis) and type: manipulation under anaesthesia (MUA), MUA with K-wire fixation, and open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). Fluoroscopy radiation exposure (mGy/cm²) was recorded. Descriptive statistics (25th percentile, median, 75th percentile, mean) were calculated, and differences between procedure types were assessed using Mann-Whitney U tests (p < 0.05). Radiation doses were contextualised against local background exposure and transatlantic flight equivalents.
resultsSlipped upper femoral epiphysis (SUFE) pinning had the highest mean exposure (384.5 mGy/cm²). In the elbow subgroup, ORIF had the highest mean exposure (13.9 mGy/cm²), while MUA + K-wire fixation had the highest ankle exposure (12.4 mGy/cm²). MUA + K-wire procedures showed significantly higher exposures than simple MUA in both the elbow (p < 0.001) and ankle (p < 0.001). Pelvic MUA procedures had higher exposure than elbow or ankle MUA (p < 0.001).
conclusionsThis study establishes the first detailed local reference ranges for intra-operative fluoroscopy in paediatric orthopaedics. Findings demonstrate procedure-specific variability in radiation exposure, support the development of local DRLs, and provide a benchmark for safer practice and future national standardisation.
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