ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2025
Effects of different electrical stimulation on depression: a protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: Depression is a common mental disorder characterized by persistent depressive mood, anhedonia, and diminished interest, severely impacting patients' quality of life and social functioning. Traditional treatments exhibit significant interindividual variability in efficacy, adverse reactions, uncertain long-term outcomes, high relapse rates upon discontinuation, prolonged treatment cycles, and substantial economic burdens. Electrical stimulation therapy represents a potential intervention, yet its efficacy and safety remain inconsistent across studies. This study aims to analyze the efficacy and safety of different electrical stimulation modalities in treating patients with depression, quantitatively assessing their comparative advantages and potential clinical benefits. Methods: We will comprehensively search 13 Chinese and English databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO-ICTRP, OpenGrey, ProQuest China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Database, Wanfang Database, and China Biomedical Database. The search time will be from the establishment of each database to August 1, 2025; 2 independent reviewers will use Cochrane the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (Second Edition) to evaluate the methodological quality and potential bias of included studies; the primary outcome indicators will be the overall effectiveness rate, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) score, and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) score. The secondary outcome indicators are the cure rate, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score, adverse event rate, Side Effect Rating Scale (SERS) score, and Side Effects Scale (TESS) score; STATA will be used. Software data synthesis will be performed using a random effects model for network meta-analysis to compare the effectiveness and safety of different electrical stimulation therapies. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve is also used to indicate the likelihood of benefits and harms of an intervention. The strength of the evidence will be assessed by grading the Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation framework. Justification: This protocol is designed to provide evidence supporting the efficacy of electromagnetic stimulation therapy in alleviating clinical symptoms in patients with depression. Furthermore, these findings will yield a theoretical foundation and actionable reference for clinicians to optimize therapeutic strategies for depression. Depression, Electrical stimulation, network meta-analysis, randomized control trial, protocol. Trial registration: PROSPERO https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ registration number: CRD420251103264.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.