ArticleFrontiers in neurology2025
Inflammatory proteins as acute biomarkers of post-traumatic epilepsy.
Article in Frontiers in neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Selected Molecular Targets for Counteracting Epileptogenesis: What Do We Know About Its Effective Inhibition?Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Apoptosis and Glial Marker Profiles in Hippocampus and Amygdala of Medically Intractable Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the potential of targeted inflammatory proteins high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and interleukins (IL)-6, IL-8 and IL-10 as early biomarkers for post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) prediction. Methods: In this prospective, international study, adult patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and an anticipated high risk of PTE based on radiological and clinical findings were recruited from Level 1 trauma centers in the USA and Europe. Blood was collected on days 2 and 4 post-TBI. Patients were followed clinically for 24 months for PTE development. Serum levels of the inflammatory markers were assessed using commercially available ELISA and AlphaLISA kits and compared between patients who did and did not develop PTE, and between PTE and a subgroup of non-PTE patients matched for age, sex, and Glasgow Coma Scale using non-parametric tests. Results: We found no statistically significant differences in serum levels of the inflammatory markers between PTE patients ( Significance: Based on our findings, serum levels of HMGB1, MMP-9, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 measured at early time points after TBI may not serve as sensitive biomarkers of PTE. However, a faster decline in IL-6 levels in the non-PTE groups suggests a more rapid resolution of inflammation among patients who do not develop PTE, supporting the role of neuroinflammatory mechanisms in epileptogenesis. The potential of IL-6's temporal profile as a biomarker of PTE warrants further exploration.
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