Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41356018›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in psychology2025

Is the MMSE enough for MCI? A narrative review of the usefulness of the MMSE.

Giorgia D'Ignazio, Leonardo Carlucci, Maria Rita Sergi, Rocco Palumbo, Laura Dattilo, Michela Terrei, Michela Balsamo

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in psychology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Giorgia D'IgnazioDepartment of Psychology, University of G.d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
Leonardo CarlucciDepartment of Human Studies, Arts, Cultural Heritage, Educational Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
Maria Rita SergiDepartment of Psychology, University of G.d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
Rocco PalumboDepartment of Psychology, University of G.d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
Laura DattiloDepartment of Human Studies, Arts, Cultural Heritage, Educational Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
Michela TerreiDepartment of Psychology, University of G.d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
Michela BalsamoDepartment of Psychology, University of G.d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a clinical condition characterized by a decline in cognitive functions greater than expected for an individual's age and educational level, yet not severe enough to significantly interfere with daily activities. Early identification of MCI is crucial for targeted interventions, monitoring symptom progression, and implementing appropriate therapeutic or support strategies. In clinical practice, screening tools are often used that show clear limitations in sensitivity and in their ability to detect mild cognitive alterations. Methods: Although the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is among the most widely used tools for initial assessment in non-specialist settings, it presents significant psychometric limitations in identifying MCI. A critical analysis of its effectiveness is therefore essential to guide an informed choice of assessment instruments. Results: A narrative review of the literature suggests that the MMSE shows reduced sensitivity in detecting MCI, with a tendency to underestimate mild cognitive deficits. Specific cognitive domains are insufficiently captured by the MMSE compared to more sensitive tools. Conclusion: In light of these limitations, this review highlights the need to adopt alternative cognitive tests for the early detection of cognitive impairment.

Indexed as

cognitive impairmentdiagnostic accuracyearly detectionmild cognitive impairment (MCI)Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)

Identifiers

PMID41356018
PMCPMC12678294

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.