ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2025
Acute immunometabolic changes in first-presentation Graves' hyperthyroidism patients undergoing strenuous physical activity.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Acute Cytokine Responses to High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise in Humans: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Inflammatory Signatures of Graves' Orbitopathy: Linking Thyroid Autoimmunity, Disease Activity, and Novel Hematological Biomarkers.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: This study systematically evaluated immunometabolic responses in newly diagnosed female Graves' hyperthyroidism patients versus healthy controls following repeated high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE, Wingate test). It also preliminarily explored the associations of thyroid hormone levels and muscle mass with these responses. Methods: We enrolled 25 newly diagnosed female Graves' hyperthyroidism patients (observation group) and 25 healthy women (control group). All participants underwent three HIIE. Blood samples, collected before and immediately after the third test, were analyzed for glucose, lactate, leptin, irisin, creatine kinase (CK), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-15 (IL-15), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels. Baseline skeletal muscle index (SMI) and thyroid hormone levels were also measured. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA, Bayesian repeated measures ANOVA, and Bayesian network analysis. Results: Baseline data indicated that the observation group exhibited significant higher free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4), and lower thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) ( Conclusion: This study, for the first time, systematically evaluated immunometabolic responses in female Graves' hyperthyroidism patients following HIIE. While muscle loss in newly diagnosed hyperthyroidism patients did not significant impair short-term explosive power, it may reduce endurance during sustained high-intensity exercise. The hyperthyroid state markedly altered exercise-induced immunometabolic dynamics, underscoring the need for comprehensive consideration of hyperthyroidism's complex physiological impact when designing personalized exercise regimens.
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