Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41355789›Full record

ReviewJournal of medicinal chemistry2025

Solvent Sustainability in Drug Discovery: Where Are We Now, and How Can We Improve?

Paul Richardson, Marian C Bryan, Louis Diorazio, Fabrice Gallou, Shazia Keily, Isamir Martinez, Scott Plummer, Anthony B Reed, Robert Sheppard, Jason Shields and 3 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of medicinal chemistry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Improvement of CsMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Paul RichardsonOncology Medicine Design, Pfizer, 10770 Science Center Drive (CB2), San Diego, California 09121, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-3700-8749
Marian C BryanJohnson & Johnson Innovative Medicine, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19002, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-3138-6888
Louis DiorazioChemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-8017-9167
Fabrice GallouChemical & Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4056, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-8996-6079
Shazia KeilyMedicinal Chemistry, Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd, 86-88 Jubilee Avenue Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RW, United Kingdom.
Isamir MartinezAmerican Chemical Society Green Chemistry Institute, 1155 16th St Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia 20036, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-4265-8674
Scott PlummerBiomedical Research, Novartis, 250 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.
Anthony B ReedDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.
Robert SheppardMedicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal 431 83, Sweden.
Jason ShieldsMedicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham 02451, United States.
Gail WrigleyMedicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 3BZ, United Kingdom.
Charles YeungDiscovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-7320-7190
Álvaro Enríquez-GarcíaEli Lilly and Company, DCRT, Avenida de la Industria S/N, Alcobendas, Madrid 28100, Spain.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Solvent selection plays a critical role in promoting synthetic chemistry reactions. Metrics from the ACS-GCIPR have led to an estimate that solvents utilized contribute 80-90% of the waste streams of pharmaceutical manufacturing processes. The medicinal chemistry team of the ACS-GCIPR has performed a systematic study of the most common transformations (over 400k reactions) utilized in the drug discovery phase examining the solvents in which these reactions are performed. Specifically, we have focused on the use of several solvents that are undesirable based on their hazardous nature and/or known adverse effects on human health. The data have shown that in over 40% of cases, the reactions profiled are conducted in what is an undesirable solvent with the use of methylene chloride and

Indexed as

Drug DiscoverySolventsChemistry, PharmaceuticalHumansSolvents

Identifiers

PMID41355789
PMCPMC12751033

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.