Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41355548›Full record

ArticleEndocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets2026

A Case Report of Anti-GAD65 Antibody-Positive Autoimmune Encephalitis Associated with Diabetes.

Xiuping Xuan, Liheng Meng, Lulu Chen, Xuemei Xie, Xinghuan Liang, Yingfen Qin

Abstract readCase Reports
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Xiuping XuanDepartment of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
Liheng MengDepartment of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
Lulu ChenDepartment of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 230021, China.
Xuemei XieDepartment of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
Xinghuan LiangDepartment of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
Yingfen QinDepartment of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPatients with GAD65 antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis who also have diabetes are usually considered to have type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, previous reports often lacked β-cell function assessments, relying solely on anti-GAD65 positivity for diagnosis, which is insufficient for accurate classification. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a 30-year-old Chinese woman diagnosed with GAD65-associated autoimmune encephalitis, hyperthyroidism, and diabetes. Her peak C-peptide level was 3.99 ng/mL, inconsistent with the β-cell dysfunction typical of classic T1DM. The combination of high GAD65 antibody titers and preserved β-cell function made it challenging to determine her diabetes type.

conclusionThis case suggests that clinicians should pay more attention to assessing and monitoring β-cell function when GAD65-associated autoimmune encephalitis is accompanied by diabetes.

Indexed as

AutoantibodiesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1EncephalitisGlutamate DecarboxylaseHashimoto DiseaseAdultFemaleHumansHyperthyroidismanti-GAD65 autoantibodyAutoantibodiesGlutamate Decarboxylaseglutamate decarboxylase 2autoimmune encephalitisC-peptidediabetesGlutamate decarboxylase 65hyperthyroidismβ cell function

Identifiers

PMID41355548
PMCPMC13662726

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.