Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41355200›Full record

ArticleJournal of dental education2026

Augmented Reality of Anatomical Structures of the Maxillomandibular Complex for Learning Dental Radiographic Techniques.

Maitê Michel Piazza Willig, Mariana Boessio Vizzotto, Henrique Timm Vieira, Priscila Fernanda da Silveira Tiecher, Thiago de Oliveira Gamba, Nádia Assein Arús, Luis Ernesto Arriola-Guillén, Heraldo Luís Dias da Silveira

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of dental education, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Maitê Michel Piazza WilligSurgery and Orthopedics Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Mariana Boessio VizzottoSurgery and Orthopedics Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Henrique Timm VieiraFederal University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Priscila Fernanda da Silveira TiecherSurgery and Orthopedics Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Thiago de Oliveira GambaSurgery and Orthopedics Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Nádia Assein ArúsSurgery and Orthopedics Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Luis Ernesto Arriola-GuillénDivision of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru.
Heraldo Luís Dias da SilveiraSurgery and Orthopedics Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionAugmented reality (AR) enables interactive learning in real-world environments. In dental radiography education, AR offers a promising tool to enhance students' clinical skills by allowing them to simulate and practice procedures before engaging with actual patients. Repeated practice in an AR environment can reinforce theoretical knowledge and improve practical competence. Understanding dental anatomy and surrounding bone structures is essential for achieving accurate radiographic techniques, and 3D reconstructions from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) aid this learning.

objectiveTo develop and evaluate an AR application designed to support the learning of periapical radiographic techniques.

methodsAn AR application was developed using Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) images, which were converted into Standard Tessellation Language (STL) format. Meshmixer software was employed to construct a three-dimensional patient model, which was then used to create visual simulations of periapical radiographic projections based on established literature. The resulting images were integrated into the M3DMIX AR platform for visualization. Usability was assessed by 44 undergraduate dental students using a questionnaire based on the System Usability Scale (SUS).

resultsThe AR application achieved a mean usability score of 89.26 on the SUS, indicating a high level of user satisfaction. Students reported that the AR tool positively influenced their learning experience and enhanced their understanding of radiographic techniques.

conclusionThe AR application developed in this study demonstrated strong potential as an effective educational tool for teaching periapical radiographic techniques. Its high usability rating suggests that AR can significantly contribute to improving dental radiography education.

Indexed as

Augmented RealityEducation, DentalMandibleMaxillaRadiography, DentalCone-Beam Computed TomographyHumansImaging, Three-DimensionalStudents, Dentalaugmented realitydental studentlearning

Identifiers

PMID41355200
PMCPMC13568828

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.