Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41354998›Full record

ArticleNano-micro letters2025

Superhydrated Zwitterionic Hydrogel with Dedicated Water Channels Enables Nonfouling Solar Desalination.

Panpan Zhang, Hanxue Liang, Yawei Du, Haiyang Wang, Yaqi Tian, Jingtao Bi, Lei Wang, Zhiyuan Guo, Jing Wang, Zhi-Yong Ji and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nano-micro letters, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Panpan Zhang *Engineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization Technology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Marine Chemical Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, People's Republic of China. zhangpanpan@hebut.edu.cn.
Hanxue LiangResearch Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China.
Yawei DuEngineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization Technology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Marine Chemical Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, People's Republic of China.
Haiyang WangEngineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization Technology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Marine Chemical Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, People's Republic of China.
Yaqi TianEngineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization Technology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Marine Chemical Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, People's Republic of China.
Jingtao BiEngineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization Technology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Marine Chemical Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, People's Republic of China.
Lei WangEngineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization Technology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Marine Chemical Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, People's Republic of China.
Zhiyuan GuoEngineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization Technology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Marine Chemical Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, People's Republic of China.
Jing WangEngineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization Technology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Marine Chemical Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, People's Republic of China.
Zhi-Yong JiEngineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization Technology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Marine Chemical Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, People's Republic of China. jizhiyong@hebut.edu.cn.
Liangti QuKey Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China. lqu@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Solar-driven interfacial desalination (SID) offers a sustainable route for freshwater production, yet its long-term performance is compromised by salt crystallization and microbial fouling under complex marine conditions. Zwitterionic polymers offer promising nonfouling capabilities, but current zwitterionic hydrogel-based solar evaporators (HSEs) suffer from inadequate hydration and salt vulnerability. Inspired by the natural marine environmental adaptive characteristics of saltwater fish, we report a superhydrated zwitterionic poly(trimethylamine N-oxide, PTMAO)/polyacrylamide (PAAm)/polypyrrole (PPy) hydrogel (PTAP) with dedicated water channels for efficient, durable, and nonfouling SID. The directly linked N⁺ and O⁻ groups in PTMAO establish a robust hydration shell that facilitates rapid water transport while resisting salt and microbial adhesion. Integrated PAAm and PPy networks enhance mechanical strength and photothermal conversion. PTAP achieves a high evaporation rate of 2.35 kg m

Indexed as

Complex marine environmentsNonfouling abilityStrong hydrationSustainable solar desalinationZwitterionic hydrogel

Identifiers

PMID41354998
PMCPMC12682730

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.