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ArticleSports medicine - open2025

Effects of 5-Year Exercise Training on Cognition in Older Adults: 10-Years Follow-Up from the Generation 100 Study.

Jenny Bakken, Daniel E Brissach, Emma M L Ingeström, Sindre Midttun, Tara L Walker, Dorthe Stensvold, Atefe R Tari

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Sports medicine - open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01666340 (Generation 100), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01666340 naactive not recruitingnot on this map

Generation 100: How Exercise Affects Mortality and Morbidity in the Elderly: A Randomized Control Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyRan2012 to 2026Enrolled1,567ConditionsAgeingArmsExercise intervention
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Jenny Bakken *The Cardiac Exercise Research Group at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Daniel E Brissach *The Cardiac Exercise Research Group at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Emma M L IngeströmThe Cardiac Exercise Research Group at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Sindre MidttunThe Cardiac Exercise Research Group at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Tara L WalkerClem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Dorthe StensvoldThe Cardiac Exercise Research Group at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Atefe R TariThe Cardiac Exercise Research Group at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. atefe.r.tari@ntnu.no.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4385-5255

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

aimThe rapid aging of the global population is expected to lead to an increase in the incidence and prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases. Endurance exercise training is considered one of the most effective forms of prevention against neurodegenerative diseases. This study investigated the effects of a 5-year exercise training intervention at varying intensities on cognitive function in healthy older adults.

methods1486 healthy older men (n = 735) and women (n = 751) aged 70-77 years from Trondheim, Norway, were randomly assigned to high-intensity interval training (HIIT, n = 382), moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT, n = 367), or a control group (n = 737) following the national physical activity (PA) guidelines. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score after 3, 5 and 10 years. A linear mixed model was used to estimate the effect of the exercise intervention between the groups. Measures of physical health, such as cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and PA level was also measured.

resultsAfter 10 years, we observed no significant differences in MoCA scores between the exercise training groups and the control group, despite variations in exercise intensity and good adherence to the exercise interventions. The HIIT group consistently showed higher CRF throughout the study period.

conclusionsWhile structured aerobic exercise training over 5 years improved physiological health markers in healthy older adults, its impact on mitigating cognitive decline was limited. Further long-term training studies in different populations are needed to better understand the link between exercise training and cognition in older adults. Trial Registration The Generation 100 Study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT01666340), registered on 21 August 2012: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT01666340.

Indexed as

Cardiorespiratory fitnessCognitionGeneration 100Objectively measured VO2peakOlder men and women

Identifiers

PMID41354893
PMCPMC12682729

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