ArticleScientific reports2025
Association between systemic complement levels and choroidal thickness in advanced non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- From Retina to Vasculature: Oxidative Stress as a Common Mechanistic Link Between Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Cardiovascular Disease.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Macular degeneration collection.Scientific reports · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
To investigate associations between systemic complement activation and choroidal thickness (CT) in advanced non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nnAMD). Cross-sectional study of 96 patients (187 eyes) with advanced nnAMD enrolled in the University of Colorado AMD Registry (August 2014-June 2021). Medical histories, multimodal imaging, and plasma samples were collected. Plasma was analyzed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and multiplex Luminex assays for complement factors C1q, monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis, C2, C4, C4b, C3, C3a, Factor B, Bb, Factor D, Factor H, Factor I, C5 and soluble C5b-9. CT was measured subfoveally and at 1000 μm intervals superiorly, inferiorly, nasally, and temporally using Spectralis OCT. Linear modeling with generalized estimating equations assessed log-transformed OCT and complement factors. The mean age was 82.2 years (± 7.1 SD); 54.2% were female. Average CT was negatively associated with Bb (β=-0.47, SE: 0.12, p = 0.0001) and the Bb/Factor B ratio (β=-0.28, SE: 0.12, p = 0.02), but not other complement markers. Bb levels correlated with alternative pathway components but not with classical or lectin pathway markers. We found a key association between systemic complement activation of Factor B and choroidal thickness in patients with advanced nnAMD, implying the potential involvement of the systemic alternative pathway in nnAMD patients.
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Registered trials
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