ArticleNature communications2025
Impact of pre-existing anti-replicase immunity on the efficacy of self-amplifying mRNA vaccines.
Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Alphavirus replicase and regulatory RNA elements in host interactions and viral vector engineering.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Programming the immunological properties of mRNA vaccines for cancer.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- mRNA-based seasonal influenza vaccines: an overview of immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Self-amplifying mRNA vaccines use a viral replicase for self-amplification. It is currently unclear whether anti-replicase immunity occurs after saRNA vaccination, and whether such pre-existing anti-replicase immunity impacts the efficacy of subsequent saRNA vaccines. Using female mice, this study demonstrates that an initial saRNA vaccination schedule elicits replicase-specific immunity, which reduces the in vivo expression and impairs the Th1 cell responses of subsequent saRNA vaccines. Passive transfer experiments demonstrate that the suppression of T cell responses is driven by a synergistic effect of both anti-replicase antibodies and anti-replicase T cells. Interestingly, pre-existing anti-replicase immunity does not affect the ability of an influenza saRNA vaccine to provide full protection against an H5N1 challenge in female mice. Taken together, these results provide crucial insights on the effects of anti-replicase immunity induced by a first saRNA vaccination schedule on the expression, immunogenicity and protection efficacy of a subsequent saRNA vaccine.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.