Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41353106›Full record

ArticleActa ophthalmologica2026

Using continuous visual stimulus tracking for detecting visual function loss due to acquired brain injury.

A C L Vrijling, M J de Boer, R J Renken, J B C Marsman, J Heutink, F W Cornelissen, N M Jansonius

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Acta ophthalmologica, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

A C L VrijlingLaboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1351-8645
M J de BoerLaboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9360-916X
R J RenkenCenter for Clinical Neuroscience and Cognition, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7777-9484
J B C MarsmanCenter for Clinical Neuroscience and Cognition, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6341-4388
J HeutinkRoyal Dutch Visio, Centre of Expertise for Blind and Partially Sighted People, Huizen, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4811-968X
F W CornelissenLaboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5144-9700
N M JansoniusLaboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6495-6568

Funding

European Union's Just Transition Fund JTFN-00091Uitzicht (via funds provided by the ANVVB, Oogfonds, Stichting blindenpenning, LSBS)Visio Foundation, The Netherlands, ZonMw, programme Expertisefunctie Zintuiglijk Gehandicapten 637005001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeAcquired brain injury (ABI) may cause homonymous visual field (VF) defects. Standard automated perimetry (SAP) is the gold standard for VF assessment, but it can be challenging in ABI. Continuous visual stimulus tracking (SONDA; Standardised Oculomotor and Neurological Disorders Assessment) simplifies the perimetric task to following a moving stimulus on a screen. We investigated whether tracking performance (agreement between gaze and stimulus position) measured with a SONDA-based eye movement perimetry technique (SONDA-EMP) (1) can detect visual function loss in patients with homonymous VF defects, (2) can quantify visual function loss (in terms of SAP Mean Sensitivity [MS]) and (3) shows a learning effect.

methodsTracking performance was evaluated in 16 cases with unilateral ABI (median [IQR] age 66 [62-68] years; SAP MS 19 [15-21] dB; 8/8 with left-/right-sided VF defect) and compared to previously collected data of 36 controls (age 70 [67-72] years). All participants monocularly tracked a moving stimulus (Goldmann size III) at three Weber contrasts (40%, 160% and 640%), while their eye movements were recorded.

resultsABI significantly decreased tracking performance (p < 0.0001) compared to controls at all contrasts, independently of VF defect side (p = 0.53). Performance improved from 40% to 160% contrast (p < 0.0001), but not from 160% to 640% (p = 0.53). SAP MS correlated moderately to strongly with tracking performance (r = 0.46 [p = 0.07], 0.73 [p = 0.01], 0.67 [p = 0.004], for 40%, 160% and 640% contrast, respectively). Retesting showed no significant learning effect.

conclusionSONDA-EMP can detect visual function loss from ABI. The reduction in tracking performance depends on the amount of VF loss.

Indexed as

Brain InjuriesEye MovementsHemianopsiaVisual FieldsVisual Field TestsAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPhotic StimulationVisual Acuity

Identifiers

PMID41353106
PMCPMC13166386

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.