Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41352580›Full record

ReviewProgress in retinal and eye research2026

Beyond convolutions and supervised learning with transformers and representation learning for retinal image analysis.

Yue Wu, Cecilia S Lee, Aaron Y Lee

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Progress in retinal and eye research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Yue WuDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America; Roger and Angie Karalis Johnson Retina Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America.
Cecilia S LeeJohn F. Hardesty Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, United States of America.
Aaron Y LeeJohn F. Hardesty Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, United States of America. Electronic address: leeay@wustl.edu.

Funding

Aging eyes and aging brains in studying alzheimer's disease: Modern ophthalmic data collection in the adult changes in thought (ACT) studyR01AG060942 · NIA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Cecilia Sungmin Lee · 2019 to 2026
$39.4M
Bridge2AI:Salutogenesis Data Generation ProjectOT2OD032644 · OD · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI AYYAGARI, RADHA, BAHMANI, AMIR · 2022 to 2025
$32.7M
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG060942NIH HHS OT2 OD032644
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Retinal image analysis has enjoyed groundbreaking advances in the last ten years due to seismic improvements in image analysis techniques from the field of computer vision. Previous reviews in deep learning and artificial intelligence (AI) (Schmidt-Erfurth et al., 2018; Ting et al., 2019) have either focused on supervised learning, where labels are curated or manually created, or concentrated on the application of AI in specific image modalities and retina diseases (Hormel et al., 2021; Li et al., 2024a (Hormel et al., 2021; Li et al., 2024a)). In this review, we sought to summarize the advances in the field with the shift towards label-free approaches using representational learning and the emergence of vision transformers as alternatives to convolutional neural networks for image analysis. These advances include semi-supervised learning, self-supervised learning and directly led to the advent of foundation models, vision-language models, and multi-modal models.

Indexed as

Deep LearningImage Processing, Computer-AssistedRetinaRetinal DiseasesSupervised Machine LearningArtificial IntelligenceHumansNeural Networks, ComputerAIDeep learningFoundation modelsImage analysisRetinal imagingSelf-supervised learningSemi-supervised learning

Identifiers

PMID41352580
PMCPMC12753162

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.