ArticleEuropean journal of applied physiology2026
Examination of sex differences in fatigability, muscle oxygenation, and neuromuscular responses during low-intensity isometric handgrip exercise.
Article in European journal of applied physiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThis study investigated sex-dependent physiological responses and fatigability for a single bout of unilateral, low-intensity isometric handgrip hold to failure.
methodsEighteen young adults (9 males, 9 females) performed pre-test maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs), a handgrip exercise at 30% MVIC with their dominant (exercised) hand, followed by post-test MVICs with both hands. During the exercise, time to task failure (TTF), electromyography (EMG), mechanomyography (MMG), and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-derived muscle oxygen saturation (SmO₂) were recorded. EMG and MMG amplitude (AMP) and mean power frequency (MPF), and SmO₂ were analyzed using the initial and final timepoints of the exercise.
resultsEMG AMP and MMG AMP significantly increased (p = 0.009 and p < 0.001), while EMG MPF and MMG MPF significantly decreased (p < 0.001) during the exercise, collapsed across sex. Males exhibited significantly lower SmO₂ than females at task failure (p = 0.005). TTF did not significantly differ between sexes (p = 0.705). MVIC force significantly decreased in post-test in the exercised hand (p < 0.001), but not in the non-exercised hand (p = 1.000), with males exhibiting greater overall strength than females (p < 0.001), collapsed across time and hand.
conclusionAlthough males demonstrated greater muscle deoxygenation during the handgrip exercise, likely due to greater absolute strength, these differences did not lead to sex differences in neuromuscular (EMG and MMG parameters) or global fatigability (TTF and MVIC changes following exercise) nor did this unilateral task cause non-local muscle fatigue. This study offers insight into sex-based physiological differences that should be considered when prescribing or evaluating low-intensity, upper-body muscular fatiguing exercise.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41351760What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.