ArticleThe Libyan journal of medicine2025
Applicability of the Global Lung Function Initiative-2022 spirometry reference equations among healthy adults in Iraq.
Article in The Libyan journal of medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) has developed race-neutral reference equations to represent global diversity better and improve fairness across populations. However, the applicability of these equations across different populations, including Middle Eastern populations, remains to be explored. This study aimed to evaluate the suitability of the GLI-2022 equations among healthy Iraqi adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 3,828 healthy non-smoking adults (49.8% females) who were 18 years and older. Spirometric measurements, including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁), and FEV₁/FVC were obtained, and z-scores were calculated using the GLI-2022 equations. Mean z-scores, age and height were assessed using linear regression and quantile analyses. Mean z-scores for all spirometric measurements were above zero in both sexes. Among females, mean z-scores for FEV₁, FVC and FEV₁/FVC were 1.18 (SD 1.41), 0.81 (SD 1.29) and 0.666 (SD 0.92) respectively. In males, the corresponding values were 0.96 (SD 1.41), 0.61 (SD 1.30) and 0.643 (SD 1.02), with
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