A case of the blue blues: the safety issue of recognizing and avoiding the retinal toxicity of methylene blue compared to brilliant blue and trypan blue.

Sidra Zafar, Jose S Pulido, Samir N Patel, Yoshihiro Yonekawa, Jordan D Deaner

Abstract readLetter

In one paragraph

Article in International journal of retina and vitreous, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Sidra ZafarWills Eye Hospital Retina Service, Mid Atlantic Retina, Thomas Jefferson University, 840 Walnut Street, Suite 1020, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA. sidrazafariqbal@gmail.com.

Jose S PulidoWills Eye Hospital Retina Service, Mid Atlantic Retina, Thomas Jefferson University, 840 Walnut Street, Suite 1020, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.

Samir N PatelWills Eye Hospital Retina Service, Mid Atlantic Retina, Thomas Jefferson University, 840 Walnut Street, Suite 1020, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.

Yoshihiro YonekawaWills Eye Hospital Retina Service, Mid Atlantic Retina, Thomas Jefferson University, 840 Walnut Street, Suite 1020, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.

Jordan D DeanerWills Eye Hospital Retina Service, Mid Atlantic Retina, Thomas Jefferson University, 840 Walnut Street, Suite 1020, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

While blue vital dyes remain indispensable in ophthalmic surgery, medication errors, particularly the inadvertent use of methylene blue instead of trypan blue and brilliant blue, pose a significant risk to patient safety. Methylene blue has been reported to cause damage to anterior segment structures, We reported a case of inner retinal toxicity from injection of methylene blue into the vitreous cavity resulting in profound vision loss. Standardization, vigilant verification, and safer packaging are critical to preventing these never events.

Identifiers

PMID41350903

DOI10.1186/s40942-025-00759-1

PMCPMC12679766

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.