ArticleBMC oral health2025
Effect of smoking and finishing and polishing protocol on color stability and surface roughness of resin composite.
Article in BMC oral health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Effect of Flavored, Blond, and Filterless Cigarette Smoke on the Color Stability and Surface Roughness of a Nanohybrid Resin Composite: An in vitro Study.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dentistry · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo investigate the influence of smoking and finishing and polishing protocol on color stability and surface roughness of resin composite. MATERIALS AND
methodsSeventy-two discs fabricated from supra-nanofilled composite were divided to 6 groups according to: Tobacco Product (Conventional Cigarette/CS and Heated Tobacco/HTP); and Finishing and Polishing Protocol (Control/C, Multi-step finishing system/FS, and Medium-grit abrasive bur + two-step polishing system/PS). After finishing and polishing, specimens were exposed to a total of 600 cigarettes, divided into 20 each day, simulating 30 days of smoking. Color parameters were detected using a spectrophotometer. Surface roughness (Ra) was measured before and after smoking exposure using a surface roughness tester. Surface morphology was assessed under SEM. Data were analyzed using ANOVA/Tukey’s and student t-test.
resultsFor CS, ∆E values of C group was significantly higher than both finishing/polishing groups, which were statistically similar. For HTP, no significant difference in ∆E values between all groups. ∆E values of CS were significantly higher than HTP in all groups. For CS, C group showed significantly higher change in Ra than FS group; whilst no significant difference in Ra change values of PS and those of C and FS groups. For HTP, no significant difference in Ra change between all groups. Within C group, Ra change of both smoking groups was statistically similar. Within FS and PS groups, change in Ra of HTP was significantly higher than CS.
conclusionConventional cigarette smoking resulted in pronounced color change in the supra-nanofilled composite. While heated tobacco product produced an increased surface roughness. Both multi-step finishing system and two-step polishing system displayed comparable color change and surface roughness in supra-nanofilled composite.
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