Trial reportScientific reports2025
Comparing voice-only navigation and paper maps in middle-aged and older adults: A randomized crossover field study of wayfinding, mood, usability, and text-mined user experiences.
Trial report in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The influence of mobile navigation design on older adults cognitive load, affective responses, and digital self-efficacy: mixed-methods study.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Independent mobility is essential for autonomy in later life, yet age-related cognitive changes make map-reading increasingly demanding. One potential alternative is voice-only navigation, which reduces reliance on visual search and map-to-world transformations. We conducted a randomized within-subject crossover study to compare voice-only navigation with a paper map in adults aged 50-69. Forty participants each walked two 800-m urban routes, once using a paper map and once guided by Apple Maps voice instructions. We measured goal completion, completion time, mood (pleasure, relaxation, vigor) and fatigue before and after each walk, and usability (System Usability Scale; SUS). Goal completion and completion time did not differ between conditions. However, participants reported feeling more relaxed after voice navigation; other mood states and fatigue showed no significant changes. Usability ratings for voice navigation were moderate (SUS 60.50 ± 2.40), indicating room for improvement. Text-mining of post-task interviews highlighted needs for clearer distance phrasing, earlier turn prompts, explicit intersection guidance, and landmark-based cues. Overall, voice-only navigation matched paper maps in performance while enhancing relaxation, consistent with lower perceived cognitive effort. Moderate usability underscores the need for design improvements, particularly in phrasing and timing. These findings warrant further investigation in adults ≥ 70 and in cognitively impaired populations.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.