ArticleNPJ primary care respiratory medicine2025
Air pollution exposure modes, smoking and genetic risk with chronic respiratory diseases: a prospective study.
Article in NPJ primary care respiratory medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Asthma Among Workers and Residents of Navanakorn Industrial Zone, Thailand.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- SHAP-interpretable machine learning integrating exposures and multi-omics reveals immune alterations and biomarkers in COPD-lung cancer comorbidity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Previous studies often focused on single pollutant source, failing to replicate real-world exposure scenarios for chronic respiratory disease (CRD) risk. We aimed to explore the mixed exposure patterns of CRD risk factors and investigate interactions with smoking and genetic risk. We identified air pollution exposure modes using latent class analysis (LCA) in the UK Biobank. Cox model assessed associations between exposure modes and lung cancer (LC), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Interactions among exposure modes, smoking and genetic risk were analyzed. LCA divided participants into five groups, and hazard ratios (HRs) for "High air pollution" group were 1.28 for LC (95% CI: 1.08-1.52), 1.23 for IPF (95% CI: 1.03-1.48), 1.28 for COPD (95% CI: 1.17-1.39) and 1.09 for asthma (95% CI: 1.01-1.18). Significant additive interactions between high air pollution and smoking were observed for LC and COPD. Individuals with high genetic risk exposed to both smoking and high air pollution showed the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) of 2.74 for LC, 3.93 for IPF, and 1.68 for COPD. Smoking and air pollution together accounted for over 40% of LC, IPF and COPD cases. Our findings highlight the complex interplay between environmental air pollution, smoking, and genetic risk in CRD development in real-world exposure scenarios.
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