Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41350520›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Ultra-wideband optical diffractive network for mode multiplexing across the entire telecommunication range.

Aru Kong, Jianxin Ren, Kaihui Wang, Yongyi Yu, Rongyi Lin, Chen Wang, Jianyu Long, Fufei Pang, Xueli Chen, Xiaoyu Yan and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Aru Kong *Nanophotonics Research Centre, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics & State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
Jianxin Ren *Institute of Optoelectronics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.
Kaihui WangState Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), and the School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Yongyi YuInstitute of Optoelectronics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.
Rongyi LinNanophotonics Research Centre, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics & State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
Chen WangState Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), and the School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Jianyu LongState Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), and the School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3161-9506
Fufei PangKey Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
Xueli ChenKey Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
Xiaoyu YanKey Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
Zhifeng WangKey Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
Bo LiuInstitute of Optoelectronics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China. bo@nuist.edu.cn.
Ting LeiNanophotonics Research Centre, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics & State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China. leiting@szu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9367-7816
Xiaocong YuanNanophotonics Research Centre, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics & State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China. xcyuan@szu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2605-9003

Funding

China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2025M770816National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 61935013National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 62225503National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) U23A20372,62275171
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Advancements in multi-band and space division multiplexing (SDM) technologies are rapidly progressing to support growing data traffic. Current research focuses on hybrid multiplexing in the C + L bands, pushing SDM systems to achieve capacities exceeding 10 Pb/s. Integrating ultra-wideband SDM systems with expanded spectrum leaps forward in transmission capacity. Here, we proposed a comprehensive model of an O + E + S + C + L + U ultra-wideband mode multiplexing transmission system to enhance spectrum utilization. A 4-linearly polarized mode multiplexer, designed utilizing ultra-wideband optical diffractive network with an end-to-end inverse design algorithm, achieves over 90% mode purity and mode crosstalk less than -17 dB, with below -8.87 dB in multiplexer-demultiplexer back-to-back systems, supporting a bandwidth exceeding 420 nm in experiments. Validations across O, E, S, C, L, and U bands demonstrate its efficacy in broadband wavelength-mode hybrid division multiplexing communications. The breakthrough in bandwidth and compatibility with existing application scenarios promise highly efficient ultra-high-speed communication systems for future applications.

Identifiers

PMID41350520
PMCPMC12783098

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.