ArticlePLoS pathogens2025
The recombinant zoster vaccine induces trained immunity in monocytes through persistent downregulation of TGFβ.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Recombinant zoster vaccine and risk of kidney failure, cardiovascular, and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Article
- Varicella zoster virus and the central nervous system.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Association between shingles vaccination and slower biological aging: evidence from a US population-based cohort study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- Immune Responses to Influenza Infection in Children.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Biological relevance ofMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- Beyond Adaptive Immunity: Trained Innate Immune Responses as a Novel Frontier in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapy.Cancers · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Older adults have decreased vaccine efficacy, but the adjuvanted recombinant VZV-gE zoster vaccine (RZV) is highly efficacious. We investigated memory-like innate immune responses after RZV and after the zoster vaccine live (ZVL), which is much less efficacious. RZV increased NK, monocyte, and DC activation in response to in vitro VZV-gE stimulation for up to 5 years post-vaccination, while ZVL increased only DC responses to VZV for up to 90 days. In purified monocyte and NK cell cocultures, RZV recipients showed increased responses to VZV-gE, HCMV and HSV antigenic stimulation post-vaccination. ATAC-seq analysis of purified monocytes revealed decreased accessibility in areas of the TGFβ1 gene. scRNA-seq and immunoproteomics confirmed decreased TGFβ1 transcription and translation, respectively. Exogenous supplementation and inhibition of TGFβ1 modulated in vitro monocyte responses to VZV-gE. In conclusion, RZV generated homologous (VZV-gE) and heterologous (HCMV, HSV) trained immunity in monocytes through genomic repression of the regulatory cytokine TGFβ-1. Cytokine modulation may represent a novel mechanism of generating trained immunity in myeloid cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.