ArticlePloS one2025
Self-reported concussion prevalence, post-injury help-seeking behaviour, and associated risk factors among volleyball players.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundVolleyball is an under-researched sport, particularly in relation to risk factors for head impacts and sports-related concussion (SRC). This study aimed to estimate the self-reported lifetime prevalence of SRC, post-injury help-seeking behaviour, and associations between SRC and age, sex at birth, playing experience, playing league, and playing position.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire to examine lifetime prevlaance and associations between SRC and personal and sport-related factors. The questionnaire collected demographic information, SRC history, and help-seeking behaviour. Descriptive statistics were used to estimate SRC prevalence and help-seeking behaviours among players with a history of SRC. A mixed-effect binary logistic model was conducted at a univariable and multivariable level to assess associations between SRC with playing experience, league, position, age, and gender.
resultsA total of 74 volleyball players, 44 females and 30 males, completed the questionnaire. The estimated self-reported lifetime prevalence of SRC was 35% (males 33%, females 36%). Medical support was limited both during and following a SRC. Only 39% of players reporting a SRC were diagnosed, with just 23-27% seeking medical help. Older and more experienced athletes had higher odds of reporting SRC. Those aged 28 years and above showed greater odds (OR=4.58-8.91) of reporting a SRC compared to those aged 16-21, and those with more than 13 years of experience showed greater odds (OR=4.04-9.51) than those with 1-3 years' experience. Professional players showed reduced odds (OR=0.05) compared to high school and university players in the multivariable model.
conclusionsSRC occur in volleyball with a lifetime prevalence of 35%, yet many incidents go undiagnosed and unmanaged. Older, more experienced players had greater odds of reporting a SRC, while professional-level athletes showed reduced odds when all factors are considered. Increased awareness and appropriate guidance are needed across all levels in volleyball.
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