Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41348265›Full record

ArticleChild psychiatry and human development2025

Translation and Adaptation of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure-Revised and Rugged Resilience Measure: A Mixed-Method Study Among Adolescents in Nepal.

Rakesh Singh, Kia-Chong Chua, Sagun Ballav Pant, Rajesh Paudel, Kamal Gautam, Nagendra Prasad Luitel, Emily Garman, Georgia Eleftheriou, Syed Shabab Wahid, Brandon A Kohrt and 3 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Child psychiatry and human development, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Rakesh SinghResearch Department, Transcultural Psychosocial Organization Nepal, Baluwatar, Kathmandu, Nepal. rakesh.singh@kcl.ac.uk.
Kia-Chong ChuaBiostatistics & Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Sagun Ballav PantDepartment of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Rajesh PaudelProgram Department, Transcultural Psychosocial Organization Nepal, Baluwatar, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Kamal GautamResearch Department, Transcultural Psychosocial Organization Nepal, Baluwatar, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Nagendra Prasad LuitelResearch Department, Transcultural Psychosocial Organization Nepal, Baluwatar, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Emily GarmanDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Georgia EleftheriouCenter for Global Mental Health Equity, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Health, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C, USA.
Syed Shabab WahidDepartment of Global Health, School of Health, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C, USA.
Brandon A KohrtCenter for Global Mental Health Equity, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Health, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C, USA.
Philip JefferiesMayo Campus, Atlantic Technological University, Castlebar, Ireland.
Mark J D JordansCentre for Global Mental Health, Health Service & Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Crick LundCentre for Global Mental Health, Health Service & Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.

Funding

Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust 221940/Z/20/Z for ALIVE Project
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Resilience, the capacity to adapt positively in adversity, is a key protective factor for adolescent well-being, particularly for depression and anxiety, which are highly prevalent among adolescents in Nepal. Accurate measurement across cultural contexts is essential to identify at-risk adolescents and understand protective mechanisms. This study culturally adapted and evaluated the psychometric properties of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure-Revised (CYRM-R) and Rugged Resilience Measure (RRM) in Nepal to ensure cultural relevance, reliability, and validity. This mixed-method study focused on poverty-affected adolescents in Kathmandu, using focus group discussions, cognitive interviews, pilot assessments, and a cross-sectional survey. The findings indicated Nepali versions of CYRM-R and RRM were acceptable, comprehensible, and relevant based on qualitative feedback. Most items showed item-total correlations between 0.2 and 0.5, indicating good discrimination, and internal consistency was satisfactory (α and ω > 0.7). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a unidimensional structure, with an alternative two-factor solution explored for CYRM-R. Test-retest reliability was moderate overall, with some subscales less consistent. Both tools demonstrated strong psychometric properties, including face, content, convergent, and known-groups validity. The Nepali CYRM-R and RRM provide culturally robust tools for assessing adolescent resilience, supporting researchers, educators, and policymakers in designing targeted interventions.

Indexed as

AdaptationAdolescentsNepalPsychologicalResilience

Identifiers

PMID41348265
PMCPMC7619341

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.