ReviewCurrent protocols2025
Immune Modulation in Cancer: The Role of Tumor-Treating Fields (TTFields).
Review in Current protocols, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Electricity-Based Locoregional Cancer Therapies and Their Associated Drug Delivery Technologies: From Principles of Action to Clinical Implications.Biomaterials research · 2026Review
- Immune Modulation in Cancer: The Role of Tumor-Treating Fields (TTFields).Current protocols · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tumor-treating fields (TTFields) represent an innovative approach to cancer treatment that leverages low-intensity (1-3 V/cm) alternating electric fields operating at intermediate frequencies (100-300 kHz). These electric fields are specifically designed to disrupt the mitotic process, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of malignant cells. Recent research has shown that TTFields not only induce direct cytotoxic effects but also modulate the immune system by triggering immunogenic cancer cell death, thereby enhancing immune cell infiltration into tumor sites. This dual mechanism opens up new possibilities for synergistic integration with immunotherapy, which has already revolutionized oncology through the advent of immune-checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell therapies, and cancer vaccines. Given the immune-modulatory properties of TTFields, there is growing interest in exploring their potential synergistic effect to enhance immunotherapeutic efficacy. Recognizing the complementary role of TTFields in cancer treatment paves the way for innovative combinatorial strategies that may further improve patient outcomes by enhancing the effectiveness of both TTFields and immunotherapy. © 2025 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.