ReviewInternational journal of nanomedicine2025
Nanoparticles with Cell-Penetrating Peptides for Oral Delivery: A Case for Oral Delivery of Insulin.
Review in International journal of nanomedicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Emerging Technologies for Oral Peptide Delivery: From Bioinspired Systems to Smart Device-Assisted Drug Delivery.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Food-Derived Antidiabetic Peptides as Multi-Target Systemic Regulators: A Comprehensive Review of Sources, Preparation, Mechanisms and Future Perspectives.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Enhancing diabetes treatment by targeted nucleic acid and drug delivery using cell-penetrating peptides, peptide nucleic acids, and receptor targeting.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The expanding protein-based drug market is facing limitations from invasive delivery methods. These methods can cause discomfort and pose infection risk, particularly for the chronic disease patients such as diabetes requiring insulin with adherence challenges. Oral insulin, though preferred, suffers from <2% bioavailability, thus, nano-drug delivery system (NDDS) is becoming a highly promising strategy to enhance bioavailability and stability. However, the low expression of receptors and limited uptake capacity remain challenge. The use of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) will enhance the permeability of epithelial cells, and combining them with nanoparticles (NPs) can further improve the stability of protein-based drugs in blood circulation and facilitate the development of efficient delivery carriers. This comprehensive review delves into the design, synthesis, classification, challenges, and cellular uptake mechanisms of CPPs-cargo complexes and CPPs-NP nanocarriers for insulin delivery. Furthermore, it provides an in-depth exploration of the challenges and prospects of these innovative approaches.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.