ReviewFrontiers in ophthalmology2025
Cyclosporine a in the treatment of dry eye disease: a narrative review.
Review in Frontiers in ophthalmology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Comparative study on the clinical effectiveness of low-concentration cyclosporine eye drops in patients with dry eye disease.PloS one · 2026Trial
- Immune inflammatory targets and anti-inflammatory therapy in dry eye disease.International ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Comparative Efficacy and Safety of 0.05% Cyclosporine A and 3% Diquafosol Sodium in Dry Eye Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Matching-adjusted indirect comparison of acoltremon ophthalmic solution 0.003% and cyclosporine 0.05% ophthalmic emulsion for increased tear production in patients with dry eye disease.Journal of comparative effectiveness research · 2026Article
- Marine-Derived Neoagarotetraose Alleviates Dry Eye Disease by Suppressing Inflammation and Apoptosis in a Murine Model.Marine drugs · 2026Article
- Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating the Safety of Reproxalap in Patients With Dry Eye Disease.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- Natural Products Targeting Immune Mechanisms in Ocular Inflammation: Uveitis and Dry Eye.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Dry Eye Disease: From Mechanisms to Management and Future Directions.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Current and Developing Therapeutics for Dry Eye Disease: Targeting Ion Channels.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Nanotechnological Advances in Ocular Therapeutics: A Narrative Review of Drug Delivery Platforms, Clinical Applications, and Translational Challenges.Nanotechnology, science and applications · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a common chronic ocular surface disorder that significantly impacts quality of life. Its pathogenesis involves disruption of immune regulatory mechanisms and ocular surface inflammation, which mutually reinforce each other in a vicious cycle. Conventional treatments, such as artificial tears and meibomian gland care, alleviate symptoms but often fail to control underlying inflammation. Anti-inflammatory therapy is therefore crucial. Traditional agents like corticosteroids provide rapid relief but carry risks with long-term use. Cyclosporine A, an immunosuppressant, offers unique advantages by inhibiting T-cell activation, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines, enhancing tear secretion, and restoring the ocular surface. Clinical and experimental studies have consistently demonstrated its efficacy and safety in improving tear production, relieving symptoms, repairing ocular surface structures, and slowing disease progression. This review summarizes the mechanisms, recent clinical evidence, and future perspectives of topical cyclosporine A in DED treatment, providing a reference for rational clinical use and novel therapeutic development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.