ArticleCureus2025
Expression of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Ligand Heparin-Binding EGF-Like Growth Factor (HB-EGF) in Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives Nasal sinonasal inverted papillomas (SIP) are benign tumors with malignant potential that may progress to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression is central to the development and malignant transformation of SIP, but the expression of its ligand, heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF), and the regulators of HB-EGF expression have not been fully investigated. This study aimed to examine the expression of HB-EGF and its regulatory factors in SIP. Methods The expression of HB-EGF, EGFR, and phosphorylated EGFR (p-EGFR) was immunohistochemically examined in 32 patients with SIP, 3 with SIP-associated sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (IPSCC), and 27 with de novo SCC arising in the sinonasal cavity (dnSCC). We also evaluated the expression of HIF-1α, an activator of ADAM12, which promotes the shedding of cytoplasmic membrane-bound HB-EGF from the cell surface. Results Among the 32 patients with SIP, most corresponded to Krouse stages T2-T3 and originated mainly in the maxillary or ethmoid sinus. All three cases of IPSCC were of the keratinizing type and classified as T4a. The 27 dnSCC cases were predominantly keratinizing type, arising chiefly in the maxillary sinus, and staged as T3-T4. HB-EGF and ADAM12 were expressed in all SIP and IPSCC cases, whereas the HB-EGF positivity rate was significantly lower in dnSCC (p < 0.05). EGFR and ADAM12 were broadly expressed across groups without significant differences, while p-EGFR expression was significantly higher in SIP and IPSCC compared with dnSCC (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis demonstrated a strong association between ADAM12 and HIF-1α, with weaker positive correlations observed between ADAM12 and HB-EGF, and between HB-EGF and p-EGFR. Conclusion HB-EGF expression is a characteristic feature of SIP. ADAM12 and HIF-1α may contribute to the distinctive upregulation of HB-EGF observed in SIP.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.