ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
Immune checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma: mechanisms, immune cell interactions, and the tumour microenvironment.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors-related cytokine storm syndrome: a systematic review of characteristics, treatment, and outcomes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Autophagy in Melanoma: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Article
- Plant-Derived Compounds as Potential Sensitizers to Immunotherapy in Melanoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Urgent considerations on renal immune-related adverse events in oncology practice.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly aggressive and metastatic malignant tumor originating from melanocytes, with globally rising incidence rates that pose significant challenges to patient prognosis. Traditional therapies for advanced melanoma have limited efficacy. In recent years, the emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has significantly altered this landscape by reactivating the body's antitumor immune response through blocking interactions between immune checkpoint proteins and their ligands, demonstrating remarkable therapeutic outcomes. However, some patients do not respond to ICIs or develop resistance, indicating that treatment responses involve complex interactions between tumors, immune cells, and the tumor microenvironment. This review comprehensively summarizes the mechanisms of ICIs, delves into the roles of various immune cells (including T cells, NK cells, macrophages, T helper cells, dendritic cells, and B cells) and the tumor microenvironment (TME), and explores their impact on ICI efficacy. It further distinguishes the application of ICBs across different disease stages (primary, adjuvant, neoadjuvant, and metastatic) and highlights the role of skin-specific immune cells (e.g., TRM, Langerhans cells) and microenvironmental components (e.g., skin microbiome). This review focuses on the mechanisms of ICIs in melanoma therapy, exploring the interactions between immune cells and the skin microenvironment in melanoma development and their impact on ICI efficacy. It aims to provide new insights and theoretical foundations for optimizing immunotherapy strategies in melanoma treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.