ArticleTransboundary and emerging diseases2025
Serotype Diversity and Molecular Characterization of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses From Outbreaks in Ethiopia (2019-2023): Re-Emergence of SAT 2 After 30 Years.
Article in Transboundary and emerging diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Seroprevalence of foot-and-mouth disease and its association with animal-level and agroecological factors in cattle around Massif Bale Mountain, Ethiopia.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Article
- Evolutionary and Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Ethiopia (1957-2025): A Molecular Perspective on Serotype Persistence and Emergence.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ethiopia faces significant economic losses from foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Laboratory diagnostic tools such as antigen detection ELISA (Ag-ELISA), reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and sequencing provide important information that underpin control initiatives. In this study, 411 samples (275 epithelial tissues, 12 oropharyngeal probang cup scrapings and fluids, 122 swab samples, and two whole blood) collected from cattle with clinical signs of FMD were tested to determine serotype diversity of the FMD viruses (FMDVs) present in Ethiopia during a 5-year period (2019-2023). RT-PCR testing showed that most samples, 81.1% (172/212) were positive for FMDV genome while 48.2% (198/411) of the samples were positive for FMDV antigen using ELISA, identifying serotypes O (10.9%), A (7.3%), Southern African Territories (SAT) 1 (1.7%), and SAT 2 (19.5%). Furthermore, evidence for mixed serotype infection was observed for 36 samples using the Ag-ELISA. Viral protein (VP) 1 sequencing for FMDV was performed on 94 samples, confirming the presence of three FMDV serotypes (O, A, and SAT 2). There was no molecular sequence evidence for outbreaks due to SAT 1 during this period, suggesting that the Ag-ELISA results for this serotype may have been false positives. Together with the Ag-ELISA data, the sequences highlighted a dramatic increase in the dominance of serotype SAT 2 viruses during the period of the study, associated with outbreaks due to the emerging SAT2/XIV topotype after a period of absence of more than 30 years. These data highlight Ethiopia's dynamic FMD landscape, informing national and regional control. These findings are crucial for understanding FMDV in Ethiopia and vaccine selection, although more geographically broad and sequencing-intensive studies may be needed to define a more comprehensive understanding of the national disease epidemiology.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.