Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41345948›Full record

ArticleMalaria journal2025

Implementation performance of routine insecticide-treated nets distribution through the health facilities in mainland Tanzania: 5 years (2018-2022) experience.

Mponeja Peter Gitanya, Benjamin Kamala, Hannah Koenker, Ruth Msolla, Matt Worges, Naomi Serbantez, Charles Dismas, David Dadi, Israel P Nyarubeli, Heavenlight A Paulo and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Malaria journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Mponeja Peter GitanyaTanzania National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Dodoma, Tanzania. mpgitanya2006@yahoo.com.
Benjamin KamalaSchool of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Hannah KoenkerPMI Tanzania Vector Control Activity, Tropical Health LLP, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Ruth MsollaUSAID Tanzania Vector Control Activity, Johns Hopkins University Center for Communication Programs, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Matt WorgesPMI Tanzania Vector Control Activity, Tropical Health LLP, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Naomi SerbantezU.S. President's Malaria Initiative, USAID, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Charles DismasTanzania National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Dodoma, Tanzania.
David DadiUSAID Tanzania Vector Control Activity, Johns Hopkins University Center for Communication Programs, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Israel P NyarubeliSchool of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Heavenlight A PauloSchool of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Samwel LazaroTanzania National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Dodoma, Tanzania.
William N KisinzaAmani Research Centre of the National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga, Tanzania.
Johnson MatowoKCMC University, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe distribution of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) through health facilities helps increase and sustain access to ITNs, targeting biologically vulnerable populations. However, their effectiveness in terms of issuance rates has yet to be assessed over time in Tanzania.

methodsMonthly DHIS-2 data on ITN distribution from health facilities were extracted from 6,790 facilities from January 2018 to December 2022. The Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) was used to model the marginal performance trend over time for ANC and EPI separately.

resultsAcross 5 years, ANC had an issuance rate of 83%, while EPI averaged 70%. Issuing started at 44% and 34% in 2018 and increased to 93% and 80% in 2022 for ANC and EPI, respectively. Over the 5-year average, the public facilities performed better for both ANC (88%) and EPI (76%) compared to private facilities (53%) and (42%), respectively. Dispensaries and hospitals performed better than health centres and clinics at ANC and EPI. Rural areas had higher issuance (72%) during ANC visits compared to urban areas (51%). Across epidemiological strata, ITN issuing rates during EPI activities were notably higher in high (79%) compared to low (54%) transmission epidemiological strata.

conclusionsBy 2022, Tanzania had substantially improved the ITN issuance rates via ANC and EPI in all health facilities compared to 2018. However, gaps remain in EPI, private, and urban facilities; targeted efforts are needed to achieve higher ITN issuance rates. Future studies to explore the reasons for differences among the analysed variables will help understand additional characteristics of high-performing facilities.

Indexed as

Health FacilitiesHealth Plan ImplementationInsecticide-Treated BednetsMalariaHumansTanzaniaANCEPIFacilitiesHealthIssuanceITNPerformanceRates

Identifiers

PMID41345948
PMCPMC12720459

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.