Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41345891›Full record

ArticleArchives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique2025

Rural residents' preference for inclusive commercial health insurance in China: a discrete choice experiment.

Liujin Zhang, Chao Zheng, Qiang Sun, Jia Yin

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Liujin ZhangCenter for Health Policy and Health Economics, National Infrastructures for Translational Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
Chao ZhengShandong Provincial Third Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250031, China.
Qiang SunDepartment of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
Jia YinDepartment of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China. yinjia@sdu.edu.cn.

Funding

Youth Project of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province ZR2022QG034
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFinancial risk protection is a core component of Universal Health Coverage. Rural residents in China continue to face the higher risk of catastrophic health expenditure. Developing a health insurance system for rural residents that ensures affordability and sustainability is critical to advancing Universal Health Coverage. This study aims to assess rural residents' preferences and willingness to pay for inclusive commercial health insurance.

methodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted among 520 rural households in Zhucheng County, China, using a structured questionnaire. A discrete choice experiment was employed to measure respondents' preferences and willingness to pay for inclusive commercial health insurance, followed by scenario simulations to estimate enrollment probabilities.

resultsBased on 497 valid responses, all attributes significantly influenced rural residents' preferences for inclusive commercial health insurance, except the deductible. Respondents preferred plans with government participation, equal compensation regardless of preexisting conditions, 80% reimbursement ratio, coverage for special medications, and low premiums. Government participation had the greatest impact. The optimal plan configuration increased the predicted enrollment probability by 99.6%.

conclusionsStrengthening government responsibility is the most effective strategy to increase rural enrollment in inclusive commercial health insurance. Additional measures include equitable coverage for preexisting conditions, optimizing benefit design, and setting reasonable premiums and deductibles. These findings offer actionable insights for improving inclusive commercial health insurance uptake among rural residents and provide transferable evidence for other countries seeking to advance financial risk protection under the UHC agenda through public-private insurance partnerships.

Indexed as

Discrete choice experimentEnrollment rate.Inclusive commercial health insurancePreferenceRural residents

Identifiers

PMID41345891
PMCPMC12784602

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.