Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41345859›Full record

Observational studyActa obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica2026

Fetal biometry and maternal characteristics for second trimester prediction of stillbirth.

Linda Lindström, Olof Stephansson, Sven Cnattingius, Allen Wilcox, Michaela Granfors

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Linda LindströmDivision of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0003-4427-1075
Olof StephanssonDivision of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0003-1528-4563
Sven CnattingiusDivision of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Allen WilcoxEpidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3376-1311
Michaela GranforsDivision of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-2925-3779

Funding

FödelsefondenSpädbarnsfondenSwedish state ALF-agreement
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionSmall fetal size is the most important risk factor for stillbirth. To our knowledge, no previous study has considered combinations of mid-trimester measures of fetal size as predictors of stillbirth risk. The aim of this cohort study was to assess whether small fetal measurements by mid-pregnancy ultrasound, in conjunction with maternal factors, can predict the risk of stillbirth. MATERIAL AND

methodsIn this historical cohort study, we identified 377 563 singleton pregnancies in the Swedish Pregnancy Register between 2014 and 2021, with delivery at ≥22

resultsShort second-trimester FL was associated with increased risk of stillbirth, especially when combined with small AC or both small BPD and AC (aRR [95% CI] 2.78 [1.44-5.34] and 2.40 [1.14-5.06], respectively), whereas normal FL with small BPD and/or AC was not. In the multivariable model, short FL in combination with small AC was the strongest contributor to stillbirth risk assessment. The AUC of the prediction model, including both maternal characteristics, small AC, and short FL, was 0.623 for stillbirth in all pregnancies, 0.635 for term stillbirth, and 0.591 for preterm stillbirth.

conclusionsWe found evidence of increased risk of stillbirth among fetuses with short FL, especially in combination with small AC, but not with normal FL, regardless of other small fetal dimensions. However, maternal characteristics and mid-gestational biometry perform poorly in predicting stillbirth.

Indexed as

BiometryFetusPregnancy Trimester, SecondPrenatal DiagnosisStillbirthAdultCohort StudiesFemaleGestational AgeHumansPredictive Learning ModelsPredictive Value of TestsPregnancyRegistriesRisk AssessmentRisk Factorsabdominal circumferencebiometrybiparietal diameterfemurfetal growth restrictionplacental insufficiencystillbirthultrasound

Identifiers

PMID41345859
PMCPMC12856709

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.