Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41345346›Full record

ArticleEye (London, England)2026

Risk of intestinal complications, extraintestinal morbidity, and mortality in patients with ulcerative colitis and ocular involvement.

Brian K Do, Amer F Alsoudi, Karen M Wai, Euna Koo, Ryan A McConnell, Nathan H Pham, Andrea L Kossler, Prithvi Mruthyunjaya, Ehsan Rahimy

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Eye (London, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Brian K DoDepartment of Ophthalmology, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia; The Retina Group of Washington, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1707-6899
Amer F AlsoudiDepartment of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Karen M WaiByers Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Euna KooByers Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Ryan A McConnellDepartment of Gastroenterology, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Nathan H PhamDepartment of Gastroenterology, University of Washington Seattle, Seattle, WA, USA.
Andrea L KosslerByers Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Prithvi MruthyunjayaByers Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Ehsan RahimyByers Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA. rahimye@stanford.edu.ORCID 0000-0001-8446-7078

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo explore health outcomes of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and associated ocular inflammatory disease, compared to those of matched patients with UC without associated ocular inflammatory disease.

designRetrospective case-control study.

methodsAn aggregated electronic health records research network, TriNetX (Cambridge, MA, USA), was used to identify patients diagnosed with UC stratified by the presence or absence of ocular inflammatory disease with at least one year of follow-up. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to control for baseline demographics and medical comorbidities.

main outcome measuresRates and relative risk (RR) of developing various forms of intestinal complications, extraintestinal morbidities, rheumatologic disease, cardiovascular disease, and death.

resultsPatients with UC with associated ocular inflammatory disease showed greater risk of undergoing total colectomy, as well as acquiring Clostridioides difficile and CMV colitis. They also demonstrated a greater risk of developing MASLD, vitamin D deficiency, iron deficiency anaemia, UC-related dermatological disease, osteoporosis, and sepsis. These individuals were more likely to carry rheumatologic diagnoses, including ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic, rheumatoid, enteropathic, reactive, and inflammatory arthritis. There was an elevated risk of stroke, myocardial infarction, and VTE in this cohort as well. There was no significant difference in risks of colorectal cancer, primary sclerosing cholangitis, toxic megacolon, non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis, or mortality between the cohorts.

conclusionsPatients with UC with ocular inflammatory disease have an increased risk of intestinal complications, extraintestinal morbidity, rheumatologic disease, and cardiovascular complications when compared to those without.

Indexed as

Colitis, UlcerativeEye DiseasesIntestinal DiseasesAdultAgedCase-Control StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedMorbidityRetrospective StudiesRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID41345346
PMCPMC12830703

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.