ArticleCommunications medicine2025
Health outcomes in hospitalised and non-hospitalised individuals after COVID-19, an observational, cross-sectional study.
Article in Communications medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect of inspiratory muscle training on inspiratory muscle strength in adults with post-COVID-19 condition and inspiratory muscle weakness: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2026Trial
- Respiratory symptoms up to 18 months after COVID-19 - a longitudinal observational study.Respiratory research · 2026Observational
- The long and winding road of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Article
- Long-term health outcomes and risk factors for low self-rated health in non-hospitalised adults with post-COVID-19 condition: a 2.5-year cohort study.BMC public health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
31 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBoth hospitalised (H) and non-hospitalised (NH) individuals may have different symptoms and impairments after COVID-19. We aimed to explore symptoms, mental and physical health after initial COVID-19 for both groups of individuals and the association between physical and mental impairments in relation to self-rated health status and to identify different cluster profiles.
methodsParticipants were recruited between June 2020 until December 2022 at the Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden. Data was collected at first assessment after COVID-19 and consisted of demographics, medical history, symptoms and results from physical function tests and self-reported questionnaires.
resultsHere we show that among 931 participants, the H-group are older (mean age 56.7 years) and predominantly male (72%), while the NH-group are younger (mean age 44.4 years) and mostly female (84%). Fatigue, dyspnoea, joint pain, paraesthesia, and chest pressure are common symptoms reported across all participants. Physical function is lower than predicted in both groups and the NH-group have higher prevalence of depression and fatigue. These impairments together with dyspnoea, number of symptoms and sick leave are also associated with reduced self-rated health. Four specific cluster profiles have been identified, and 66.4% of the participants have severe to moderate impairments.
conclusionsRegardless of the initial level of care approximately two-thirds of the participants exhibit various physical and mental impairments associated to self-rated health after COVID-19. We propose that defining specific cluster profiles is crucial for tailoring management of post-COVID sequelae. Further long-term studies are needed to understand recovery trajectories to optimise targeted interventions.
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Registered trials
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