ArticleEnvironmental science & technology2025
Imidacloprid in United States Rivers, 2013-2022: Persistent Presence and Emerging Chronic Hazard.
Article in Environmental science & technology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Analysis and Risks of Emerging Contaminants and Microplastics in Natural and Treated Waters and Human Health: A Critical Review.Journal of xenobiotics · 2026Review
- Occurrence of insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides in household drinking and irrigation water in an intensive floriculture region of Ecuador.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2026Article
- Neonicotinoids and the Androgen Receptor: Structural Dynamics and Potential Signaling Disruption.Biology · 2026Article
- Imidacloprid in United States Rivers, 2013-2022: Persistent Presence and Emerging Chronic Hazard.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Groundwater delivery of neonicotinoids to streams.Journal of environmental qualityArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, is used for agricultural and nonagricultural purposes and is toxic to nontarget organisms at low concentrations in aquatic ecosystems. A total of 12,547 water samples were collected from 2013 to 2022 from 77 rivers across the United States (U.S.) and were analyzed to evaluate detections and temporal trends in imidacloprid concentrations. Imidacloprid was detected in 44% of all samples, and the mean concentration, adjusted for nondetect samples, of 24.9 ng/L (median = 11.9 ng/L) was more than twice the chronic benchmark for freshwater invertebrates (10 ng/L). This potential hazard to aquatic life was persistent, with 44% of the sites having a median concentration exceeding the chronic benchmark. Half of the sites (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.