ArticleBrain, behavior, and immunity2026
Maternal immune activation during gestation modulates offspring immune profiles in a nonhuman primate model.
Article in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMaternal Immune Activation (MIA) during pregnancy is an environmental risk factor implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. While numerous studies have shown that MIA can lead to neuropathological and behavioral abnormalities in offspring, the consequences for immune system development and function are less well characterized.
methodsTo assess the impact of MIA on offspring immune function, we utilized samples from 24 nonhuman primate (NHP) dam-infant pairs. Pregnant dams received either saline (control) or polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] injections in the late first trimester to induce MIA. Dam sickness behaviors and immune response were monitored. Offspring immune status was assessed longitudinally by measuring plasma cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor levels at postnatal days (PND) 30, 90, and 180. Additionally, a complete blood count, including differential leukocyte counts, was performed on blood samples collected from the offspring at PND 90 to quantify immune cell profiles.
resultsPoly(I:C)-induced MIA triggered immediate and sustained increases in antiviral pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as enhanced T-cell responses in NHP dams compared with saline controls. At PND 90, MIA-exposed offspring had higher total white blood cell counts (p = 0.03), monocytes (p = 0.01), neutrophils (p = 0.04), and lymphocytes (p = 0.048) compared to controls. Further, gestational MIA exposure modulated offspring cytokine profiles at PND 30, 90, and 180, as indicated by persistent changes in the plasma levels of several cytokines and chemokines associated with both the innate and adaptive immune responses, compared with saline control offspring.
conclusionsOur findings suggest that exposure to MIA during early gestation has a significant long-term impact on the offspring's developing immune system. These data highlight the direct connection between maternal immune perturbation during pregnancy and immune system imprinting in offspring.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.