Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41344043›Full record

ArticlePsychoneuroendocrinology2026

Superwoman schema, motherhood status, and subclinical atherosclerosis among African American women.

Lori S Hoggard, Te-Ojah J Dennison-Morgan, Jordan Parker, Raphiel J Murden, Zachary T Martin, Jelaina Shipman-Lacewell, Christy L Erving, Nicole D Fields, Shivika Udaipuria, Reneé H Moore and 4 more

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Article in Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Lori S HoggardDepartment of Psychology, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States. Electronic address: lhoggar@ncsu.edu.
Te-Ojah J Dennison-MorganDepartment of Psychology, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.
Jordan ParkerDepartment of Psychology, College of Life Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Raphiel J MurdenDepartment of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
Zachary T MartinDepartment of Exercise Physiology, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States.
Jelaina Shipman-LacewellDepartment of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
Christy L ErvingDepartment of Sociology, Population Research Center, College of Liberal Arts, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States.
Nicole D FieldsDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.
Shivika UdaipuriaDepartment of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
Reneé H MooreDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
Viola VaccarinoDepartment of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
Arshed A QuyyumiDepartment of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
Mindy L CoccariDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
Tené T LewisDepartment of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.

Funding

Multidisciplinary Research Training to Reduce Inequities in Cardiovascular HealthT32HL130025 · NHLBI · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Tené T Lewis, Viola Vaccarino · 2016 to 2026
$6.4M
Psychosocial Stress Due to COVID-19 and Vascular Aging in African-American WomenR01HL158141 · NHLBI · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI LEWIS, TENÉ T · 2021 to 2024
$3.9M
Expectations of Discrimination and CVD Risk in Africian-American WomenR01HL130471 · NHLBI · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI LEWIS, TENÉ T · 2016 to 2019
$3.7M
Mentoring and Patient-Oriented Research on Social Exposures and CVD Risk in Underrepresented WomenK24HL163696 · NHLBI · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Tené T Lewis · 2022 to 2026
$619k
NHLBI NIH HHS K24 HL163696NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL130471NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL158141NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL130025
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among women in the United States, with African American women facing markedly higher rates of CVD-related morbidity and mortality than women of other racial/ethnic backgrounds. African American women's heightened risk for CVD has been linked to their disproportionate exposure to social stressors. In the present study, we examine how Superwoman Schema (SWS) is related to carotid intima media thickness (IMT) among African American women, as well as the moderating role of motherhood status.

methodsData are from the Mechanisms Underlying the Impact of Stress and Emotions (MUSE) on African American Women's Health Study, a cohort of 422 African American women residing in the greater Atlanta metropolitan area. The women completed demographic questions (e.g., motherhood status) and psychosocial assessments, including the 35-item SWS scale. IMT scans were also performed during the visit.

resultsAfter adjustment for sociodemographic (e.g., age) and CVD risk (e.g., systolic blood pressure) factors, the results revealed that Resistance to Vulnerability was associated with lower IMT among non-mothers.

conclusionsThe results indicate that African American women's culturally rooted tendency to embody strength, independence, self-reliance, ambition, and care for others may serve as a compensatory mechanism influencing CVD risk, with the associations varying by motherhood status.

Indexed as

AtherosclerosisBlack or African AmericanMothersAdultCarotid Intima-Media ThicknessFemaleHumansMiddle AgedRisk FactorsStress, PsychologicalAfrican American womenCardiovascular riskCarotid intima-media thicknessIntersectionalityMotherhood statusSuperwoman schema

Identifiers

PMID41344043
PMCPMC13110375

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.