ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2025
Recovery of infectious recombinant human norovirus using zebrafish embryos.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Plscr1 inhibits murine norovirus entry.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Treatment With Ruxolitinib and TAK-779 Enhances GII.17 Human Norovirus Replication and Enables Serial Passaging in Human Intestinal Enteroids.Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms · 2026Article
- Article
- Antiviral strategies against human norovirus: Molecular targets, therapeutics, and vaccine development.Therapeutic advances in infectious diseaseReview
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Human norovirus (HuNoV) is the leading cause of gastroenteritis. However, the lack of a reverse genetics system for infectious HuNoV has hindered the development of antivirals and vaccines. Herein, we established a reverse genetics system for infectious HuNoV using a robust HuNoV replication system based on zebrafish embryos. Transfection of a HuNoV cDNA clone into cultured cells, followed by microinjection of the supernatant into zebrafish embryos, produced infectious recombinant HuNoVs. The recombinant HuNoVs can replicate in human intestinal organoids, confirming their infectivity in a physiologically relevant system. Notably, we also recovered recombinant HuNoVs following direct HuNoV cDNA microinjection into zebrafish embryos without the use of cultured cells, which is a simpler and more efficient approach. Using the established systems, we recovered an infectious recombinant HuNoV carrying a reporter tag insertion, enabling rapid antiviral evaluation and virus inactivation assays. Furthermore, we generated recombinant HuNoVs of the GII.17 and GII.4 genotypes, as well as a chimeric virus carrying the GII.4 VP1 gene in a GII.17 backbone, demonstrating the utility of the systems for viral replication studies. These systems will accelerate research on HuNoV replication and enhance efforts to develop vaccines and antivirals.
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Registered trials
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