Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41343401›Full record

ArticlePsychological assessment2026

The importance of specifying the time period in repeated measures of personality assessments.

Matthew W Southward, Madeline L Kushner, Nicole E Stumpp, Sarah E Cecil, Caden J Maynard, Alexandra K Barnhill, Vincent J Buchenberger, Shannon Sauer-Zavala

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Psychological assessment, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Matthew W SouthwardDepartment of Psychology, Ohio State University.ORCID 0000-0002-5888-2769
Madeline L KushnerDepartment of Psychology, University of Kentucky.ORCID 0000-0002-8676-9667
Nicole E StumppDepartment of Psychology, University of Kentucky.ORCID 0000-0001-9871-6469
Sarah E CecilDepartment of Psychology, University of Kentucky.
Caden J MaynardDepartment of Psychology, University of Kentucky.
Alexandra K BarnhillDepartment of Psychology, University of Kentucky.
Vincent J BuchenbergerDepartment of Psychology, University of Kentucky.
Shannon Sauer-ZavalaDepartment of Psychology, University of Kentucky.ORCID 0000-0002-7322-983X

Funding

Engaging Higher-Order Mechanisms of Psychopathology: A Parsimonious Approach to Precision MedicineR61MH133665 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY · PI SAUER-ZAVALA, SHANNON E, SOUTHWARD, MATTHEW WAYNE · 2024 to 2025
$1.6M
A Precision Medicine Approach to Target Engagement for Emotion RegulationK23MH126211 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY · PI SOUTHWARD, MATTHEW WAYNE · 2022 to 2025
$592k
NIMH NIH HHSNIMH NIH HHS K23 MH126211NIMH NIH HHS R61 MH133665
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Because most validated personality measures were designed to capture relatively general and stable characteristics, they do not specify a particular timeframe for respondents to consider. It is thus unknown how these measures perform when administered repeatedly or how this performance compares to the same measures with instructions and items adapted to the repeated timeframe of interest. We randomly assigned undergraduate participants (

Indexed as

PersonalityPersonality AssessmentPersonality InventoryPsychometricsAdolescentAdultFemaleHumansMaleReproducibility of ResultsTime FactorsYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID41343401
PMCPMC12880859

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.