Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41342477›Full record

ArticleNeurorehabilitation and neural repair2026

The Differential Effects of Fast Walking Speed on Muscle Coactivation in the Paretic and Non-Paretic Extremities Post-Stroke.

Natalia Sánchez, Andrian Kuch, Samantha N Jeffcoat, Andrew Hooyman, Aria Haver-Hill, Maryana Bonilla Yanez, Christina K Holl, Kristan A Leech

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In one paragraph

Article in Neurorehabilitation and neural repair, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Natalia SánchezDepartment of Physical Therapy. Chapman University, Irvine, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6467-1781
Andrian KuchDepartment of Physical Therapy. Chapman University, Irvine, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8122-4529
Samantha N JeffcoatDepartment of Physical Therapy. Chapman University, Irvine, CA, USA.
Andrew HooymanDepartment of Physical Therapy. Chapman University, Irvine, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8705-3759
Aria Haver-HillDivision of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Maryana Bonilla YanezDivision of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Christina K HollDivision of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3111-1646
Kristan A LeechDivision of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0443-5971

Funding

A novel, comprehensive approach to post-stroke gait rehabilitationR03HD104217 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI LEECH, KRISTAN A. · 2021 to 2022
$430k
Determining the effects of increased demands for voluntary adjustments on the neuromuscular control of walking post-strokeR03HD107630 · NICHD · CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY · PI SANCHEZ, NATALIA · 2023 to 2024
$294k
A precision medicine approach to identify walking phenotypes and rehabilitation targets after injuryR03TR004248 · NCATS · CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY · PI SANCHEZ, NATALIA · 2022 to 2023
$137k
NCATS NIH HHS R03 TR004248NICHD NIH HHS R03 HD104217NICHD NIH HHS R03 HD107630
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundClinical practice guidelines for walking recovery post-stroke recommend high aerobic intensity training, which usually involves walking at fast speeds. However, the acute effect of fast speeds on the neuromuscular control of walking is unclear.

objectives(1) Assess the criterion validity of the Dynamic Motor Control Index (WalkDMC) as a measure of coactivation post-stroke. (2) Assess acute speed-dependent coactivation post-stroke. (3) Assess how clinical characteristics shape the speed-dependent coactivation response. (4) Assess the relationship between heart rate and coactivation post-stroke. We hypothesized that WalkDMC is correlated with function and impairment measures. We also hypothesize that coactivation measured via the WalkDMC increases for speeds above or below self-selected speeds (SSS).

methods32 chronic stroke survivors and 17 age and sex-matched controls walked at SSS, fast, and slow speeds. EMGs were measured bilaterally on 7 lower extremity muscles. We used non-negative matrix factorization to calculate WalkDMC. We used regression to assess the relationship between WalkDMC, speed, heart rate, and clinical outcomes.

resultsWalkDMC was correlated with clinical outcomes, supporting its criterion validity. We observed a quadratic relationship between speed and coactivation: for the paretic extremity, the predicted speed that would lead to the lowest coactivation was ~120% higher than SSS. Slow speeds consistently increased coactivation in controls and participants post-stroke. Coactivation in the paretic extremity was significantly predicted by speed, balance, and impairment.

conclusionsOur results suggest that increased speeds lead to differential improvements in coactivation in the paretic and non-paretic extremities. These results may inform speed prescriptions for HIT interventions.

Indexed as

Lower ExtremityMuscle, SkeletalParesisStrokeStroke RehabilitationWalkingWalking SpeedAgedElectromyographyFemaleHeart RateHumansMaleMiddle AgedEMGgaitmuscle coactivationstrokewalking speed

Identifiers

PMID41342477
PMCPMC12866884

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.