SynthesisFrontiers in immunology2025
Safety and effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with preexisting autoimmune diseases: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Overcoming resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer: translational mechanisms, dynamic biomarkers, clinically actionable combination strategies, and comparative checkpoint biology.Immunologic research · 2026Review
- Long-term complete radiological response to immunotherapy in a patient with metastatic NSCLC and active rheumatoid arthritis.Oxford medical case reports · 2026Article
- Understanding the Inflammatory Aspect of Osteoarthritis: Lessons from Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Graves' disease following immunosuppression withdrawal and SARS-CoV-2 infection in a failed kidney allograft recipient: a case report on immune reconstitution.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are effective in cancer treatment but may trigger immune-related adverse events (irAEs), especially in patients with preexisting autoimmune diseases (ADs). This population is often excluded from trials due to higher risks of flares, higher rates of irAEs, and potential reduced ICI efficacy. This review examines the safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with preexisting autoimmune diseases and explores emerging evidence on potential predictive biomarkers. Methods: We conducted a systematic review using PubMed/MEDLINE, searching for articles published from 2015 to 2024 in English. The research combined terms for autoimmune diseases, ICIs (anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-1/PD-L1), and cancer types, emphasizing studies reporting safety or efficacy outcomes. Due to marked heterogeneity in study design and outcomes, findings were summarized qualitatively rather than quantitative meta-analysis. The protocol followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251037257). Results: We synthesized recent evidence from 17 studies including 883 cancer patients. with preexisting ADs treated with ICIs. The cohort predominantly included psoriasis (20.5%), rheumatoid arthritis (18%), and inflammatory bowel disease (17.2%) patients. Safety outcomes revealed that 53.5% experienced any-grade irAEs, including 27.5% with newly developed irAEs and 34.3% with autoimmune disease flares. Some patients experienced both irAEs and autoimmune flares concurrently, and 14.9% discontinued treatment due to toxicity (including 5 fatal cases, 0.5%). Treatment efficacy varied substantially, with overall response rates ranging from 11% to 50%, median PFS from 2.9 to 14.4 months, and median OS from 8.2 to 40.5 months. Significant heterogeneity in efficacy outcomes limited comparative analyses. Conclusions: These findings highlight that ICI therapy can be effective in selected patients with well-controlled autoimmune disease, but requires early monitoring, individualized treatment approaches, and multidisciplinary management of patients with coexisting autoimmune disorders.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.