ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
Reprogramming the tumor microenvironment to overcome immunotherapy resistance in pancreatic cancer.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pan-cancer characterization ofTranslational cancer research · 2026Article
- miR-27b-5p targets RAB27A to regulate exosome secretion and migration of pancreatic cancer cells.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Immunotherapy Resistance in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: from Tumor Biology to Biomarker-Guided Strategies.Current oncology reports · 2026Review
- Efficacy of nab-paclitaxel combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors in solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Rewiring glucose metabolism in pancreatic cancer by natural compounds: implications for immune evasion and therapeutic targets.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Intra-Tumor Heterogeneity of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC)-Microenvironmental Interaction and Precision Immunotherapy Strategies: A Multi-Omics-Based Integrated Perspective.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- T-Cell Exhaustion in the Tumor Microenvironment: Subcellular Dysfunction, Pan-Cancer Characteristics, and Therapeutic Interventions.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Emerging CRISPR Approaches for Countering Immune Evasion: Insight from Recent Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Tumor Cells as Architects of Immune Refractoriness: Dismantling Intrinsic Programs of Tumor Cells for Clinical Translation.Immune network · 2026Review
- Immune-excluded and immune-suppressive tumor microenvironments: mechanisms, spatial biomarkers, and therapeutic rewiring.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Cell-drug conjugates: a novel drug delivery system for cancer therapy.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Current Advances in Preclinical Patient-Derived Cultivation Models for Individualized Drug Response Prediction in Pancreatic Cancer.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy resistance of esophageal carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Targeted drug delivery systems for pancreatic cancer therapy: advances, challenges, and future perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) exhibits profound resistance to immunotherapy due to its highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Objective: This review aims to elucidate the key mechanisms of TME-mediated immune evasion in PDAC and explore therapeutic strategies to overcome these barriers. Methods: A comprehensive analysis of recent studies was conducted, focusing on the cellular, stromal, and metabolic components of the PDAC TME, alongside emerging technologies for TME reprogramming. Results: Dense extracellular matrix, CAF-driven fibrosis, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), Tregs, and metabolic competition collectively impair immune cell infiltration and activation. Novel interventions-including ECM remodeling, CAF modulation, metabolic reprogramming, and myeloid cell targeting-show promise in restoring immune responsiveness. Conclusion: TME reprogramming represents a critical strategy to enhance immunotherapy efficacy in PDAC, offering new opportunities for overcoming immune exclusion and resistance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.