ArticleTransboundary and emerging diseases2025
Comparison of Gross Lesions in Poultry Naturally Infected With High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza H5N6 and H5N1 Viruses in South Korea, 2023-2025.
Article in Transboundary and emerging diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Comprehensive pathological, immunohistochemical, and apoptotic analysis of the highly pathogenic avian influenza a virus H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in poultry in Taiwan.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Pathogenicity in chickens and ducks of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N6 and H5N3 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses in South Korea.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
High pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) is an acute infectious disease of poultry and wild birds that has been occurring worldwide and has been controlled in many countries by culling birds on farms with disease outbreaks. We compared the gross lesions observed in influenza A (H5Nx) virus-positive cases of chickens and ducks in South Korea between 2023 and 2025. A total of 49 outbreaks were identified, comprising 34 cases in chickens and 15 cases in ducks, with both H5N1 and H5N6 subtypes detected. The lesions observed most frequently in chickens included splenomegaly and splenic necrosis, followed by tracheal congestion and pancreatic necrosis. In ducks, tracheal congestion was the most common lesion, followed by pancreatic necrosis and splenomegaly; hemorrhage and/or necrosis were also observed in the liver, ovarian follicles, heart, and lungs. Gross lesions in poultry caused by the H5N1 virus during the 2024-2025 season were observed more frequently than those associated with H5N6 virus in 2023. HPAI cases were characterized by ≥2 HPAI-typical lesions, such as pancreatic necrosis, splenic necrosis, and ovarian follicular hemorrhage, or the presence of HPAI-associated lesions in ≥3 different organs, even in the absence of HPAI-typical lesions. Assessing gross lesions in HPAI cases is crucial for guiding immediate disease control measures, including imposing movement restrictions on suspected farms, while awaiting confirmation by genetic testing and sequencing.
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