Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41341080›Full record

ArticleProceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center)2025

Trends and disparities in birth vaccination in the United States: a nationwide study.

Hajra Malik, Abdullah Khan, Muhammad Ahmad Nadeem, Sophie Talbot, Naima Khan, Abdul Rafeh Awan, Amir H Sohail, Karthik Gangu, Abu Baker Sheikh

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Hajra MalikDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Abdullah KhanDepartment of Vascular Surgery, Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5703-5552
Muhammad Ahmad NadeemDepartment of Liver Transplant Surgery, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7201-2886
Sophie TalbotDepartment of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
Naima KhanDepartment of Pediatrics, Shifa College of Medicine, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Abdul Rafeh AwanDepartment of Surgery, Nishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6411-8759
Amir H SohailDepartment of Surgical Oncology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4231-6447
Karthik GanguDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
Abu Baker SheikhDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0503-6961

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: This study evaluated racial, geographic, and regional disparities in neonatal vaccination rates across the US from 2016 to 2021. Methods: Data from the National Inpatient Survey, accessed via the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, were analyzed for hospitalized births between 2016 and 2021. Vaccination rates were stratified by race/ethnicity, US Census divisions, and urban versus rural residence. Trends were also compared before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Significant disparities were observed. Hispanic and Asian/Pacific Islander infants had the highest vaccination rates, while White infants had the lowest. Urban areas had higher rates than rural counterparts. The West-South Central division showed the highest rates of neonatal vaccination, whereas the West-North Central and East-North Central had the lowest rates. The rate of increase in vaccination coverage slowed after the pandemic. Conclusion: Notable disparities in birth vaccination rates exist across racial and geographic lines in the US. These findings emphasize the impact of structural and demographic factors on vaccine uptake and the urgent need for targeted public health interventions to promote equitable immunization.

Indexed as

Birthing centershealthcare disparitiesinfant/newbornvaccination coverage

Identifiers

PMID41341080
PMCPMC12671498

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.