ArticleThoracic research and practice2025
From Scarcity to Survival: Adaptive Strategies of A549 Lung Cancer Cells Under Serum Starvation.
Article in Thoracic research and practice, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionSerum plays a critical role in regulating fundamental biological processes, and variations in serum levels can directly influence tumor cell metabolic adaptations, stress responses, and traits associated with tumor progression. The lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 serves as a widely used MATERIAL AND
methodsA549 cells were cultured under different serum concentrations [1%, 10%, and 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS)], with cells maintained in 10% FBS serving as the control group. To evaluate the effects of serum availability on cellular behavior, various assays were performed, including Giemsa staining for morphology, wound healing assay for migration, flow cytometric analysis of CD44 and CD133 for stemness, XTT assay with flavopiridol for drug resistance, colony formation assay for clonogenic capacity, three-dimensional spheroid formation assay, and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for gene expression profiling.
resultsSignificant differences in proliferation and morphology were observed in A549 cells depending on serum concentration. Cell cycle analyses showed that exposure to different serum concentrations caused significant changes in phase distribution. RT-qPCR results revealed significant expression differences in specific genes associated with cellular stress response and proliferation. These findings contribute to elucidating adaptive response mechanisms of tumor cells to nutritional conditions and provide an important approach for the development of
conclusionSerum deprivation triggers complex adaptive responses in A549 cells, influencing morphology, migration, stemness, drug sensitivity, and gene expression. Low-serum conditions promoted stress-adaptive and survival phenotypes relevant for modeling tumor microenvironments. These findings suggest that serum availability is a crucial determinant of cancer cell plasticity and behavior. Moreover, long-term adaptation to serum limitation may mimic the nutrient-restricted conditions of solid tumors, providing a valuable
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