Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41337938›Full record

ArticleMolecular immunology2026

"Double-duty" dendritic cells in Xenopus laevis: Early vertebrate splenic APCs resemble conventional dendritic cells and limit native antigen presentation to B cells during a humoral response.

Emily M Flowers, Xiwei Peng, Erik J Cruz, Martin F Flajnik

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Emily M FlowersDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Xiwei PengDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Erik J CruzDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Martin F FlajnikDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. Electronic address: mflajnik@som.umaryland.edu.

Funding

Determining the Origins of Nonclassical Class I molecules through Molecular and Functional ApproachesR01AI170844 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI Erin June Adams, Martin F Flajnik · 2022 to 2026
$3.5M
IMMUNITY AND INFECTIONT32AI007540 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI KAPER, JAMES B · 1998 to 2018
$2.2M
Evolution of Adaptive ImmunityR01AI140326 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI FLAJNIK, MARTIN F · 2019 to 2022
$1.4M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI140326NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI170844NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI007540
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

XL cells are class II

Indexed as

Antigen PresentationAntigen-Presenting CellsB-LymphocytesDendritic CellsImmunity, HumoralSpleenXenopus laevisAnimalsDendritic Cells, FollicularMacrophages, PeritonealAntigen handlingAntigen retentionDendritic cellEvolution of adaptive immunityFollicular dendritic cell

Identifiers

PMID41337938
PMCPMC12906269

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.