ArticleEarly human development2026
Longitudinal changes in infant non-nutritive sucking across the first year of life.
Article in Early human development, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Non-nutritive suck (NNS; sucking without feeding) is among the earliest oromotor behaviors in infants and has been shown to be associated with future neurodevelopmental outcomes. Prior work has shown that by 12 months, NNS bursts become shorter and stronger compared to 3 months, but when this shift occurs within the first year remains unclear. Twenty-four full-term infants participated in this prospective, longitudinal study with repeated measures at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Infants sucked on a custom pacifier with a pressure transducer for ∼5 min. NNS outcomes included burst duration (s), frequency (Hz), amplitude (cmH₂O), bursts/min, cycles/burst, and cycles/min. As infants aged, their NNS patterns changed significantly. By nine months, the suck duration, bursts/min, cycles/burst, and cycles/min had decreased and by twelve months, these measures showed even further reduction, reflecting continued changes in sucking across the first year of life. The most pronounced NNS changes occurred between 6 and 9 months, coinciding with the introduction of solids and a decreased reliance on NNS. These findings highlight when NNS patterns shift during infancy, providing a reference for identifying age-appropriate targets for infants. This study emphasizes the dynamic nature of NNS during infancy and underscores the need for further assessment and exploration of its developmental trajectory.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.