Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41335353›Full record

ArticlePediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)2026

Emotional, behavioural and adaptive function in children with chronic kidney disease: the Kids with CKD (KCAD) study.

Campbell Drohan, Anita van Zwieten, Kylie-Ann Mallitt, Anne Durkan, Deirdre Hahn, Chandana Guha, Rabia Khalid, Jennifer Lorenzo, Suncica Lah, Madeleine Didsbury and 11 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

Campbell DrohanCentre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Cnr Hainsworth St., Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
Anita van ZwietenCentre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Cnr Hainsworth St., Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
Kylie-Ann MallittCentre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Cnr Hainsworth St., Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
Anne DurkanCentre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Cnr Hainsworth St., Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
Deirdre HahnCentre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Cnr Hainsworth St., Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
Chandana GuhaCentre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Cnr Hainsworth St., Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
Rabia KhalidCentre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Cnr Hainsworth St., Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
Jennifer LorenzoKids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia.
Suncica LahSchool of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.
Madeleine DidsburyCentre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Cnr Hainsworth St., Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
Anna FrancisCentre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Cnr Hainsworth St., Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
Steven McTaggartChild & Adolescent Renal Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Australia.
Amanda WalkerDepartment of Nephrology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.
Fiona E MackieDepartment of Nephrology, Sydney Children's Hospital at Randwick, Randwick, Australia.
Chanel PrestidgeDepartment of Nephrology, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.
Belinda BartonFaculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Sydney, Australia.
Armando Teixeira-PintoCentre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Cnr Hainsworth St., Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
Allison JaureCentre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Cnr Hainsworth St., Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
Jonathan C CraigCentre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Cnr Hainsworth St., Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
Germaine WongCentre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Cnr Hainsworth St., Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
Siah KimCentre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Cnr Hainsworth St., Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, Sydney, Australia. siah.kim@sydney.edu.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3964-2046

Funding

NH&MRC APP 1147657NH&MRC APP1195414
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChildren living with chronic kidney disease (CKD) often experience significant psychological challenges, including emotional and behavioural difficulties linked to both the condition and its treatment. This study aimed to characterise the emotional, behavioural and adaptive functioning of children with CKD and to explore its relationship with CKD stage.

methodsParticipants aged 6-18 years with any stage of CKD were recruited, and the Behaviour Assessment System for Children (BASC-2) was used to assess emotional, behavioural and adaptive functioning. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association of CKD stage with emotional and behavioural outcomes.

resultsThe study included 53 participants, with a mean age of 12 years (s.d. 2.5). Among them, 27 (51%) were in CKD stages 1-5, 3 (6%) were receiving dialysis, and 22 (42%) had undergone kidney transplantation. In parent-report scales, an increased proportion of children with CKD were at risk for specific emotional difficulties (somatisation (n = 25, 47%), withdrawal (18, 33%), depression (17, 32%) and reduced adaptive skills (social skills and activities of daily living (17, 32%)) compared to general population norms. Children receiving kidney replacement therapy (KRT) were at an increased risk of adaptive skill deficits (OR 5.7, 95% CI 1.07-30.5) when compared to children with CKD stages 1-5, but there were uncertain differences between these groups for internalising (OR 1.1, 0.3-2.6) and externalising problems (OR 5.0, 0.85-29.5) and behavioural symptoms (OR 2.0, 0.4-9.4).

conclusionsChildren with CKD are at increased risk of emotional difficulties (withdrawal, depression) and reduced social skills and activities of daily living compared to population norms. Adaptive skill deficits were more prevalent among children with KRT compared to children with CKD stages 1-5.

Indexed as

Adaptation, PsychologicalChild BehaviorEmotionsRenal Insufficiency, ChronicActivities of Daily LivingAdolescentChildCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansKidney TransplantationMaleRenal DialysisSeverity of Illness IndexSocial SkillsChildrenEmotional and behavioural functioningKidney diseasePsychosocial functioning

Identifiers

PMID41335353

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.