ArticleStatistical methods in medical research2025
Modeling the effect of longitudinal markers on left-truncated time-to-event outcomes in twin studies.
Article in Statistical methods in medical research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- A generalized approach for estimating the Pace of Aging.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The identification of biomarkers for disease onset in longitudinal studies necessitates precise estimation of the association between longitudinal markers and survival outcomes. Currently, methods for estimating these associations in the context of left-truncated and clustered survival outcomes are lacking. In this study, we propose a novel model tailored to this scenario and develop several estimation methods: last observation carried forward, regression calibration, and a two-stage likelihood approach for joint modeling of longitudinal and survival processes. Simulation results indicate that the last observation carried forward method performs well only with a dense grid and no marker measurement error. For less dense grids and low measurement error, regression calibration approaches are preferred. Joint modeling approaches outperform calibration methods in the presence of measurement error, although they may suffer from numerical instability. In cases of numerical instability, calibration methods might be a good alternative. We applied these methodologies to the TwinsUK data to estimate the effect of bone mineral density (BMD) as a longitudinal marker on fracture incidence in 766 elderly females, 138 of whom experienced a fracture. The survival model included a shared gamma-distributed frailty to account for correlation between the times to fracture of twin pairs. Estimates obtained using calibration and joint modeling approaches indicated a larger BMD effect compared to the last observation carried forward method, likely due to the irregular BMD measurement process and minimal measurement error. Overall, our methods offer valuable tools for modeling the effect of a longitudinal marker on survival outcomes in complex designs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.